Here is a quick tutorial for you. Looks more complicated than it is. I takes about 5 minutes really to do.
First, making sure you're justified Center in the options toolbar, place your first number at the 12 o'clock position, exactly in the horizontal middle of your clock (I used a guide to make sure). Note that I also drew a black dot in the exact center of my clock. You'll see why after.

Then, just to make the whole process quicker so I don't have to redo this 12 times, I am creating a custom action.
In the actions palette, create a new action. In the dialog, name it whatever you want. You can always delete it after you're done. I called it "rotate". Then press "Record" and Photoshop will start recording every single thing you do.

Make sure you're on your type layer, and type Control+T (free transform). Notice the little target symbol in the middle of your selection? That's the center of your rotation.

Hold the ALT key and drag it in the exact center of your clock (that's where the black dot becomes handy). And then in the tool options at the top, for the rotation angle (look right under this, at the very top) type 30 (30 degrees is 1/12th of 360). Click in your canvas so it's selected not your toolbar, and press Enter.

OK, I forgot one screenshot. But I think you can understand without an image. Now, your type is roated, not straight. So you need to straighten it out. Press Control+T again and type -30 for the rotation angle. Press Enter. Now you're straight and you're done.
Press Stop in your actions palette. Select your "Rotate" action and press Play 11 times. Tada!

You only need to raname your types 1, 2, 3, etc.
Now, my problem here is that I started too high. If you start your first character with a reasonable space between the clock edge and your number, it should be fine. But in my case, to make it look better, I linked all my type layers, pressed Control+T again, and while holding Alt+Shift, I dragged a little inwards to move the types a bit away from the edge.

That's it. No more than 5 minutes. The actions will work for you. 